1696. dabar
Lexical Summary
dabar: to speak
Original Word: דָבַר
Transliteration: dabar
Phonetic Spelling: (daw-bar')
Part of Speech: Verb
Short Definition: to speak
Meaning: to arrange, to speak, to subdue
Strong's Concordance
answer, appoint, bid, command, commune, declare, destroy, give,

A primitive root; perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue -- answer, appoint, bid, command, commune, declare, destroy, give, name, promise, pronounce, rehearse, say, speak, be spokesman, subdue, talk, teach, tell, think, use (entreaties), utter, X well, X work.

Brown-Driver-Briggs

H1696. dabar

[דָּבַר‎]1142 verb speak (original meaning dubious; range in order Thes is conjectural and not comprehensive enough; treiben MV does not explain Arabic or Hebrew usage, but only Aramaic A meaning go away, sustained by Arabic go away with it, would best explain the four branches of usage: — (1) Arabic depart, perish, IV. retreat, figurative retrograde, decline; passing away, death; Assyrian dabâru, Pi`el drive away, BezOrient. Diplom, Vocab., Dibbara, pest-god, Hpt. in KAT2. 500, דֶּבֶרpestilence. (2) Arabic follow behind, in time, place, or station; part behind, back, דְּבִירhindmost chamber of temple. (3) Syriac lead, guide, cattle, sheep, government, take a wife, = Aramaic דְּבַר‎; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבָּרleader; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבָּרָאguidance; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבְרָא‎, Hebrew דֹּבֶר‎; Syriac , Aramaic מַדְבְּרָא‎, Hebrew מִדְבָּרpasture, wilderness; Arabic , Syriac , Aramaic דַּבַּרְתָא‎, Hebrew דְּבוֺרָהswarm of bees, may be in this line, as led by their queen, so Thes. (4) Arabic consider the end or issue (of an affair), relate (a story or tradition); consider, plan against; Phoenician דברspeak; Hebrew דִּבֶּר‎ etc. Synonym of אָמַרsay, as Aramaic מַלֵּל‎ with אֲמַר‎; Greek λαλεῖν, λέγειν; Lat loqui, dicere; German reden, sagen) —

Qal41 only infinitive (once ?) & participle: Infinitive suffix בְּדָבְרֶ֑ךָ‎ (by attraction to בְּשָׁפְטֶ֑ךָ‎ for usual Piel) Psalm 51:6; Participle דֹּבֵרExodus 6:29-30t.; plural דֹּבְרִיםNumbers 36:5; Psalm 109:20; construct דֹּבְרֵי5:7 3t.; feminine דֹּבְרוֺתNumbers 27:7; Psalm 31:19; passive דָּבֻרProverbs 25:11; — speak, absolute Numbers 27:7; 32:27; 36:5 (P) Psalm 51:6 (?); דָּבֻר דָּבָרword spoken Proverbs 25:11; with accusative of thing דָּבָר דֹּבֵרspeaking a word Job 2:13; אמתPsalm 15:2, תמיםAmos 5:10, (מ)ישׁריםProverbs 16:13; Isaiah 33:15, צדק45:19, שׁלוםEsther 10:3; Psalm 28:3, שׁקר(יםׅ‎ Psalm 63:12; 101:7; Jeremiah 40:16, כזבPsalm 5:7; 58:4, רע109:20, נבלהIsaiah 9:16, נפשׁו הַוַּתMicah 7:3; with אֶל‎ of person, unto Genesis 16:13 (J) Exodus 6:29 (P) Jeremiah 38:20; 40:16; Daniel 10:11; Jonah 3:2; בְּאָזְנֵיin the ears of Deuteronomy 5:1; Jeremiah 28:7; עַלconcerning, about Psalm 31:19; 109:20; Jeremiah 32:42 (sometimes rendered against, but dubious); עִםwith Psalm 28:3; בִּי הַדֹּבֵר הַמַּלְאָךְthe angel that spake with me (as a prophet, an instrument of communicating with Israel) Zechariah 1:9, 13, 14; 2:2; 2:7; 4:1, 4, 5; 5:5, 10; 6:4 (see preposition בְּ

III. 2 Ew§ 217 f. (3)).

Niph`al4 Perfect נִדְבְּרוּMalachi 3:16, נִדְבָּ֑רוּPsalm 119:23, נִדְבַּרְנוּMalachi 3:13; Participle הַנִּדְבָּרִיםEzekiel 33:30; reciprocal sense, speak with one another, talk, absolute Malachi 3:16; with בְּ‎, against Psalm 119:23; Ezekiel 33:30; with עַל‎, concerning, about Malachi 3:13 (RV against, see Ew§ 217 i.)

Pi`el1089 Perfect דִּבֶּרGenesis 12:4 +, דִּבֵּ֑ר21:1 + (on דִּבֶּ֑רExodus 12:25; Deuteronomy 26:19 see Bö§ 1021 d (1) Köi, 188); Imperfect יְדַבֵּרGenesis 44:7 +, יְדַבֶּרֿ44:18 +; תְּדַבְּרוּן32:20, תְּדַבֵּר֑וּןPsalm 58:2; Imperative דַּבֵּרGenesis 24:38 +, דַּבֶּרֿExodus 11:2 +; Infinitive דַּבֵּרGenesis 24:50 +, דַּבֶּרֿIsaiah 59:13 +; Participle מְדַבֵּרGenesis 27:6 +; feminine מְדַבֶּרֶת1 Samuel 1:13 +; — (הַדִּבֵּרJeremiah 5:13, infinitive Ki48, probably Ol§ 182 e§ 23 -5, perhaps MV; but more probably a noun, as Ges§ 52 (2), Anm. 3 Ew§ 156 a, dubious perfect as Sta§ 222; דִּבֶּר בְּיוֺםExodus 6:28; Numbers 3:1; Deuteronomy 4:15; דִּבֶּרֿ תְּחִלַּתHosea 1:2, infinitive Ki48§ 987 (7) Kö§ 23 (5); but more probably perfect, as Ges§ 52 (2). Anm. 3); — speak,

1 absolute Deuteronomy 18:17 +?לֵאמֹר‎, less frequently וַיּאֹמֶר‎: 2 Kings 18:28 +, compare the phrases (י דברתי׳אני )Ezekiel 5:13 18t. Ezekiel; י ׳כי דברIsaiah 1:2; 21:17; 22:25; 24:3; 25:8; Jeremiah 13:15; Joel 4:8; Obadiah 18; י פי ׳כי דברIsaiah 1:20; 40:5; 58:14; Micah 4:4; ידבר פיPsalm 49:4; פי (י)דבר66:14; 145:21; ודבר השׁכםJeremiah 7:13; 25:3; 35:14; מדבר זה עודJob 1:16-17, 18.

2 with accusative of thing, very frequently, האלה הדברים את ׳דExodus 20:1; Deuteronomy 5:19 +; דְּבָרֶיךָ עוֺד תְּדַבֵּר לָמָּהwhy speakest thou any more of thy affairs ? 2 Samuel 19:30; דְּבָרָ֑י אִםדִּֿבַּרְתִּי עַדuntil I have told my errand Genesis 24:33; seldom followed by דָּבָר‎ indefinite; as ׳ד דָּבָרIsaiah 58:13 speak a (mere, empty) word; so probably also ׳ד דְּבָרִיםHosea 10:4; with other nouns, e.g. קשׁות דברspake rough words Genesis 42:7, 30 (E); ׳ד גבההproud words 1 Samuel 2:3; טבותfriendly words Jeremiah 12:6; טוב1 Samuel 19:4; 1 Kings 22:13; Esther 7:9; שׁקרIsaiah 59:3 +, כזבDaniel 11:27, אמתJeremiah 9:4 +, שׁואPsalm 12:3 +; שׁיר דברutter, sing a song Judges 5:12 משׁל1 Kings 5:12; יְהוּדִיתthe Jewish language Nehemiah 13:24; סרהrebellion Deuteronomy 13:6; Jeremiah 28:16; 29:32.

3 with persons:

a. rarely accusative לְשָׁלֹם דַבְּרוֺ יָָֽכְלוּthey could [not] speak unto him peaceably Genesis 37:4 (J; but Ew§ 282 a about him); אֹתָם ֗֗֗ וַיְדַבֵּרNumbers 26:3 (P, but text corrupt see Di; not satisfactory explanation yet given, possibly read אִתָּם‎ see d).

b. most frequently with אֶל‎ throughout the literature: Genesis 8:15 +; compare phrases י ׳וַיְדַבֵּר לֵאמֹר משֶׁה אֶלExodus 6:10 87t. P; but י ׳וידבּר לך משׁה אל32:7; 33:1 (JE); אהרן אל דבּרLeviticus 6:18 8t. (P); בני אל דבר ישׂראלExodus 6:9 38t. (P); elsewhere, 19:6 (E) Deuteronomy 1:3; 4:45 (D); ׳ד העדה (כל) אלExodus 12:3; Leviticus 19:2; Numbers 16:24, 26 (P); ׳ד לב אלspeak unto one's heart Genesis 24:45, i.e. to oneself, compare also ׳ד לִבָּהּ על1 Samuel 1:13, see

5 below; אל‎ is used inexactly for על1 Samuel 3:12; 1 Kings 16:12; Isaiah 16:13; Jeremiah 27:13; 30:4; 33:14; 36:7, 31; 40:2; 50:1; 51:12, 62 where it is rendered concerning or against.

c. with לְspeak to 1 Kings 2:19; Ezekiel 32:21; Daniel 2:4; ליהוהspeak, sing to Yahweh words of a song Joshua 10:12 (D) 2 Samuel 22:1 (= Psalm 18:1 title); in D, ל דברpromise to, in phrases דבר(י ל׳כאשׁר )Deuteronomy 1:11, 21; 6:3; 9:3; 10:9; 11:25; 12:20; 15:6; 18:2; 26:18; 27:3; 29:12; Joshua 13:14, 33; 22:4; 23:5, 10 (all D); ל דבר אשׁרDeuteronomy 9:28; 1 Kings 8:24-25, 26 (= 2 Chronicles 6:15-16, 17). — ל דברGenesis 24:7; 28:15; 49:28; Exodus 32:34 (J) Joshua 9:21 (P) Judges 14:7; 2 Samuel 23:3; Isaiah 30:10; Zechariah 9:10 usually rendered speak to, but often rather promise to. אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ לְדַבֶּרלָֿךְ הֲיֵשׁis it possible to speak for thee unto the king ? 2 Kings 4:13 (by attraction to לָךְ לַעֲשׂוֺת‎).

d. with אֵתspeak with Genesis 17:3, 22, 23; 21:2; 23:8; 34:6, 8; 35:13, 15; Exodus 25:22; 31:18; 34:29, 33, 34, 35; Numbers 3:1; 7:89; Joshua 22:15, 21 (all P) Genesis 35:14; 41:9; 42:7; 45:15; Joshua 17:14 (all E) Deuteronomy 5:21; sources of Samuel Kings Chronicles, 2 Samuel 3:27; 7:7 = 1 Chronicles 17:6; 1 Kings 8:15 2 Chronicles 6:4; 1 Kings 22:24 2 Chronicles 18:23; 10:10 ( = אל1 Kings 12:10) Jeremiah 5:5; 7:22; 9:7; 35:2; 38:25; Ezekiel 2:1; 3:22, 24, 27; 14:4; 20:3; 44:5; Daniel 1:19; Zechariah 8:16; compare phrases אחד את חד דברspeak one with another Ezekiel 33:30; את משׁפטים דברspeak judgments with, usually = give judgment against, (not Jeremiah 12:1), 1:16; 4:12; 12:1; 39:5; 52:9 (= 2 Kings 25:6); את טבות דברspeak kindly with 25:28 = Jeremiah 52:32.

e. with עִםspeak with, (not P), Genesis 29:9; 31:24, 29; Exodus 19:9; 20:19 (twice in verse); 20:22; 33:9; Numbers 11:17; 22:19; Joshua 24:27 (all J E) Deuteronomy 5:4; 9:10; Judges 6:17; 1 Samuel 9:25 (ᵐ5‎ Th We Dr לְ וַיִּרְבְּדוּspread a couch for) 17:23; 2 Samuel 13:22; 1 Kings 1:14, 22; 2 Kings 6:33; 18:26; 2 Chronicles 9:1 (= אֶל1 Kings 10:2) Nehemiah 9:18; Esther 6:14; Jeremiah 32:4; Daniel 8:18; 9:22; 10:11, 15, 17, 19; Hosea 12:5; לִבִּי עִם אֲנִי דִּבַּרְתִּיI spake, communed with my heart Ecclesiastes 1:16. feminine לִפְנֵיbefore, in the presence of Exodus 6:12; Numbers 36:1 (P) Judges 11:11; 1 Kings 3:22; Esther 8:3.

4 with בְּ

a. instrumental, בְּ דברspeak with, by, or by means of a person (see above

Qal near the end) Numbers 12:2 (twice in verse); 12:6, 8 (E) 2 Samuel 23:2 (compare Dr), 1 Kings 22:28 2 Chronicles 18:27; Habakkuk 2:1; דִּבֶּר בְּשֵׁםspeak in the name of Exodus 5:23 (J) Deuteronomy 18:19-20, (twice in verse); 18:22; 1 Chronicles 21:19; Jeremiah 20:9; 26:16; 29:23; 44:16; Daniel 9:6; Zechariah 13:3; בידby the hand of Numbers 17:5; 27:23; Joshua 20:2 (P) 1 Samuel 28:17; 1 Kings 8:53 13t. Kings, 2 Chronicles 10:15 (= 1 Kings 12:15) Isaiah 20:2; Jeremiah 37:2; 50:1; Ezekiel 38:17.

b. local (figurative), בְּאָזְנֵיin the ears of Genesis 20:8 (E) Exodus 11:2; Deuteronomy 32:44 (J) Genesis 23:16; Numbers 14:28; Joshua 20:4 (P) Deuteronomy 31:28, 30; Judges 9:2-3, 1 Samuel 8:21; 11:4; 25:24; 2 Samuel 3:19 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 26:15; Proverbs 23:9; דבר בלבspeak in the heart Ecclesiastes 2:15.

c. of the object, speak of, about (preposition בְּIV. e Ew§ 217 f, (2)) Deuteronomy 6:7; 11:19; 1 Samuel 19:3-4, Psalm 119:46; 122:8; propose for (a wife) 1 Samuel 25:39 (compare Song of Solomon 8:8).

d. of hostility, against (Ew§ 217 f, (1)) Numbers 12:1, 8; 21:5, 7 (E) Job 19:18; Psalm 50:20; 78:19.

e. of price, בְּנַפְשׁוֺat the cost of his life 1 Kings 2:23 (see בְּIII. 3).

5 with עַל‎, of the object concerning or about which one speaks Genesis 18:19; Numbers 10:29 (J) Joshua 23:14 (D) Judges 9:3; 1 Samuel 25:30; 1 Kings 2:4, 27; 5:13 (twice in verse); 14:2; 22:23 (= 2 Chronicles 18:22), 2 Kings 10:10; 19:21 = Isaiah 37:22; 1 Chronicles 22:11; 2 Chronicles 23:3; Jeremiah 1:16; 18:7-8, 9; 42:19. It may have this sense in most if not all of the following, where RV renders 1 Kings 2:18-19, Esther 7:9; Jeremiah 18:20 for; 2 Chronicles 32:16; Nehemiah 6:12; Jeremiah 11:17; 16:10; 25:13; 26:13, 19; 35:17; Ezekiel 36:5; Daniel 9:12; 11:36; Hosea 7:13; Amos 3:1 against; and 1 Kings 9:5; 2 Kings 22:19; Jeremiah 10:1; 19:15 unto (על‎ is used for אלunto2 Chronicles 32:19; Jeremiah 6:10; 25:2; 26:2; Hosea 12:11); compare the phrase לב על דברspeak upon the heart, speak kindly, comfort Genesis 34:3; 50:21 (E) Judges 19:3; Ruth 2:13; 1 Samuel 1:13 (seemingly from context על‎ for אל‎, to her heart, to herself, see Dr), 2 Samuel 19:8; 2 Chronicles 30:22; 32:6; Isaiah 40:2; Hosea 2:16.

6 with infin. לעשׂות דברpromise to do Exodus 32:14 (J) Deuteronomy 1:14; Ezekiel 6:10; Jonah 3:10; לתת דברpromise to give Deuteronomy 19:8; למחות דברthreaten to blot out 2 Kings 14:27; compare להזהיר דבר‎ i.e. so as to warn Ezekiel 3:18; 33:8.

Note. — הַמַּמְלָכָה אֶתכָּֿלזֶֿרַע וַתְּדַבֵּר וַתָּקָם2 Chronicles 22:10 ᵐ5ἀπώλεσε, ᵑ9interfecit, scribal error for וַתְּאַבֵּד2 Kings 11:1. Other explanations: plot against, waylay (Arabic ) Thes MV; pronounce sentence, elliptical מִשְׁמָּטִים וַתְּדַבֵּר‎ GesHdw Rob; but compare VB. —

Pu`al Imperfect שֶׁיְּדֻבַּרבָּֿהּ בַּיּוֺםin the day when she may be spoken for Song of Solomon 8:8 (see Pi`el 4 c); Participle בָּךְ מְדֻבָּר נִכְבָּדוֺתglorious things are being spoken in thee (RV Pe MV of thee) Psalm 87:3.

Hithpa`el Participle מִדַּבֵּר‎ = מִתְדַּבֵּר‎ with accusative הַזֶּה הַדָּבָר מִדַּבֵּרspeaking this word 2 Samuel 14:13; אֶל מִדַּבֵּר הַקּוֺל) (אֵת ׳שָׁמַעheard (the voice, or) one speaking unto Numbers 7:89 (P) Ezekiel 2:2; 43:6 (Di Numbers 7:89 would read מְדַבֵּר‎ after ᵐ5‎; the meaning not appreciably different from Piel; the Hithpa`el difficult to reconcile with אֶל‎).

Hiph`il Imperfect תַּחְתָּי עַמִּים וַיַּדְבֵּרPsalm 18:48 (2 Samuel 22:48 has וּמֹרִיד‎ for rare וַיַּדְבֵּר‎), תַּחְתֵּינוּ עַמִּים יַדְבֵּרPsalm 47:4; either (compare Aramaic דַּבַּר‎) leads subject (so Ges coegit, De Now), or (compare Arabic turn the back, retreat) puts to flight, figurative for subdues (so Hi).








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