Lexical Summary abad: to work, serve Original Word: עָבַדTransliteration: abad Phonetic Spelling: (aw-bad') Part of Speech: Verb Short Definition: to work, serve Meaning: to work, to serve, till, enslave Strong's Concordance keep in bondage, be bondmen, bond-service, compel, do, dress, ear, A primitive root; to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc. -- X be, keep in bondage, be bondmen, bond-service, compel, do, dress, ear, execute, + husbandman, keep, labour(-ing man, bring to pass, (cause to, make to) serve(-ing, self), (be, become) servant(-s), do (use) service, till(-er), transgress (from margin), (set a) work, be wrought, worshipper, Brown-Driver-Briggs H5647. abad עָבַד290 verb work, serve (Old Aramaic עבד do make, especially Nabataean, Palmyrene (often), Lzb331f. Cook86, so עֲבַד ᵑ7, Syriac (very often); but also Old Aramaic Phoenician עבד slave, vassal (and in many proper names), עַבְדָּא ᵑ7, Syriac id.; Assyrian abdu, id. (rare); Late Hebrew עָבַד serve, performs acts of worship (with accusative of congnate meaning with verb), and derivatives; Arabic worship, obey (God); compare WeSkizzen iii. 165; Heid. 141, II. enslave; slave, worshiper; Sabean עבד id. DHMSüdar. Alt. p. 18; GerberVerb. Denom. 14 ff. thinks be slave, serve (Qal) and enslave (Hiph`il) are denominative, compare also NöZMG xl (1886), 741); — Qal272 Perfect3masculine singular ׳ע Ezekiel 29:18 +; suffix עֲבָדוֺ Malachi 3:18 +; 3 masculine plural עָֽבְדוּ Deuteronomy 7:4; עָבָ֑דוּ Numbers 4:26, + 64 t. Perfect; Imperfect3masculine singular יַעֲבֹד Genesis 25:23 +; suffix יַעַבְדֵ֫נִי Exodus 4:23; יַעַבְדֶ֫נּוּ Psalm 22:31; 2 Kings 10:18; 3masculine plural יַעַבְדוּ Deuteronomy 12:30 +; יַעֲבֹ֑דוּ Genesis 15:14 (Dr§ 103) Job 36:11; 2masculine plural תַּעַבְדוּן Exodus 3:12, תַּעֲבֹד֑וּן Joshua 24:15, + 99 t. Imperfect; (נָָֽעָבְדֵם תָּעָבְדֵם, see Hoph`al); Imperative עֲבֹד 1 Samuel 26:19; suffix עָבְדֵהוּ 1 Chronicles 28:9; עִבְדוּ Exodus 5:18 15t.; עֲבֹ֑דוּ Ezekiel 20:39; suffix עִבְדֻהוּ 1 Samuel 7:3; Infinitive construct עֲבֹד Malachi 3:14 +; עֲבָדֿ Jeremiah 34:9-10, suffix עָבְדוֺ 27:6 +, etc.; Participle עֹבֵד Genesis 4:2 +; plural עֹבְדִים Numbers 18:21 +; construct עֹבְדֵי Psalm 97:7 +; suffix עֹבְדָיו 2 Kings 10:19; עֹבְדֵיהֶם Zechariah 2:13; — 1 labour, work, do work: absolute Exodus 20:9 = 34:21 = Deuteronomy 5:13 (4th word); Exodus 5:18 (E) Ecclesiastes 5:11; with accusative of thing, till the ground Genesis 2:5; 3:23; 4:2, 12 (J), 2 Samuel 9:10; Isaiah 30:24; Jeremiah 27:11; Zechariah 13:5; Proverbs 12:11; 28:19 object omitted Deuteronomy 15:19; Ezekiel 48:19; vineyard Deuteronomy 28:39; garden Genesis 2:16 (J); פִשְׁתִּים עֹבְרֵי Isaiah 19:9 workers in flax; הָעִיר עֹבְדֵ(יׅ Ezekiel 48:18-19, labourers of the city; ׳ע עֲבֹדָתוֺ Isaiah 28:21 work his work (only here of God, "" מַעֲשֵׂהוּ עשׂה); ׳ע על עבדה Ezekiel 29:18 serve a military service against. 2 work for another, serve him by labour: absolute Exodus 21:2 (E); with accusative pers Genesis 29:15; 31:6; Exodus 21:6 (E) Deuteronomy 15:12, 18; Malachi 3:17; Jeremiah 34:14, king his people 1 Kings 12:7; subject animals Jeremiah 27:6; Job 39:9; with accusative of person and thing Genesis 30:26 (twice in verse); 30:29 (J); with לְ person 2 Samuel 16:19; עִם Genesis 29:25, 30 (E) Leviticus 25:40 (P); עִמָּדִי Genesis 29:27 (E); לִפְנֵי 2 Samuel 16:19 (twice in verse); with בְּ of price Genesis 29:18, 20, 25; 31:41 (E) Hosea 12:13; Ezekiel 29:20; with בְּ personwork by means of another, use him as slave, Exodus 1:14; Leviticus 25:39, 46 (P) Jeremiah 22:13; 25:14; 27:7; 30:8; 34:9-10,. 3 serve as subjects: usually with accusative, their own chiefs or kings Judges 9:28 (twice in verse); 9:38; 1 Samuel 11:1; 1 Kings 5:1 +; other kings, by tribute Psalm 18:44 = 2 Samuel 22:44; Jeremiah 27:7; 28:14; 2 Kings 25:24 +, other nations 2 Samuel 10:19; Jeremiah 40:9; Zechariah 2:13 +, kings other kings 2 Kings 18:7 +, with לְ, 1 Samuel 4:9 (twice in verse); עֹבֵד מַס Genesis 49:15 (J) Joshua 16:10; 1 Kings 9:21 (see מַס); with בְּ person, work with, i.e. use as subjects, impose tribute upon, Jeremiah 25:14; 27:7; 30:8; Ezekiel 34:27. 4 serve God: a. with accusative ׳י, Exodus 3:12; 4:23; 7:16; Exodus 7:26 (JE), Psalm 22:31; Job 21:15; Malachi 3:14 +; with accusative of person and thing Exodus 10:26 (E); accusative of person omitted, Jeremiah 2:20 (read אֶעֱבוֺד Kt), ומנחה זבח עבד Isaiah 19:21 serve with peace-offering and grain-offering; עֲבֹדָה עבד Exodus 13:5 (of מַצֹּת). b. other gods, with accusative ׳א Deuteronomy 7:16; 12:2, 30 ; אחרים אלהים 7:4; 8:19; 11:16; 13:7; 13:14; 17:3; 28:14, 36, 64; 29:25; 30:17; 31:20; Joshua 23:16; 24:2, 16; Judges 2:10; 10:13; 1 Samuel 8:8; 26:19; 1 Kings 9:6, 9; 2 Kings 17:35; 2 Chronicles 7:19, 22; Jeremiah 11:10; 13:10; 16:11, 13; 22:9; 25:6; 35:15 (all D and Jeremiah); הַגּוֺיִם אֱלֹהֵי Deuteronomy 29:17; זָרִים Jeremiah 5:19; השׁמים צבא כל Deuteronomy 4:19; 2 Kings 21:3; 2 Chronicles 33:3; Jeremiah 8:2; הבעל(יםׅ Judges 2:11; 3:7; 10:6; 10:10; 1 Samuel 12:10; 1 Kings 16:31; 1 Kings 22:54; 2 Kings 10:18 (twice in verse); 10:19 (twice in verse); 10:21-22, 23 (twice in verse); 17:16; נֵכָר אלהי Joshua 24:20; Jeremiah 5:19; (הַ)גִּלּוּלִים 2 Kings 17:12; 21:21 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 20:39; האשׁרים2 Chronicles 24:18; עצבים Psalm 106:36; פסיל(יםׅ2 Chronicles 33:22; 2 Kings 17:41; פסל 2Ki 97:7; with לְ, לבעל Judges 2:13; אחרים לאלהים Jeremiah 44:3. 5 serve ׳י with Levilical service (all P; compare RSSem i. 69): with accusative עֲבֹדָה עבד (see עֲבֹדָה) Numbers 3:7-8, 4:23, 30, 47; 7:5; 8:11, 19, 22, 26; 16:9; 18:6, 21, 23; Joshua 22:27; accusative omitted Numbers 4:24, 26, 37, 41; 8:15 (but עבדה ᵐ5 ⅏), 8:25; 18:7. Niph`al Perfect3masculine singular נֶעְבָּ֑ד Ecclesiastes 5:8; 2masculine plural נֶעֱבַדְתֶּם Ezekiel 36:9; Imperfect3masculine singular יֵעָבֵד Deuteronomy 21:4; 3feminine singular תֵּעָבֵד Ezekiel 36:34; — 1 be tilled, of land Deuteronomy 21:4; Ezekiel 36:9, 34. 2 Ecclesiastes 5:8 נֶעְבָּ֑ד לְשָׂדֶה מֶלֶךְ dubious: a king for (devoted to) the cultivated field (Hi); a king that maketh himself servant to the field (devoted to agriculture), Desee Commentaries, especially De. Pual Perfect3masculine singular עֻבַּד Deuteronomy 21:3; Isaiah 14:3; passive of Qal, with בְּ impersonal Deuteronomy 21:3 of a calf with which it has not been worked; hard service with which it was worked with captives Isaiah 14:3. Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular הֶעֱבִיד Ezekiel 29:18; 2masculine singular suffix הֶעֱבַדְתַּ֫נִי Isaiah 43:24, הֶעֱבַדְתִּיךָ 43:23, וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיךָ Jeremiah 17:4; Imperfect3masculine singular וַיַּעֲבֵד2 Chronicles 34:33; 3 masculine plural יַעֲבִדוּ Exodus 1:13; Infinitive construct הַעֲבִיד2 Chronicles 2:17; Participle plural מַעֲבִדִים Exodus 6:15; — 1 compel to labour as slaves Exodus 1:13; 6:5 (P) 2 Chronicles 2:17, + Genesis 47:21 (reading לַעֲבָדִים הֶעֱבִיד), 2 Samuel 12:31 (reading וְהֶעֱבִיד + בְּ at; on both these see עבר Hiph`il near the end); cause to serve, of army's service against, with accusative + (על)אל Ezekiel 29:18; cause to labour, weary, with בְּ of means Isaiah 43:23-24, (perhaps play on meanings 2, 3). 2 make to serve as subjects, with 2 accusative Jeremiah 17:4, + 15:14 (read וְהַעֲבַרְתִּיךָ see עבר Hiph`il near the end). 3 cause to serve God 2 Chronicles 34:33. Hoph`al Imperfect2masculine singular suffix תָּֽעָבְדֵם Exodus 20:5 = Deuteronomy 5:9; Exodus 23:24; 1plural suffix נָָֽעָבְדֵם Deuteronomy 13:3 (Köi. 259 Sta§ 549 g Thes; < NesMarg. 12 f. Qal anomalously pointed (compare WAG. ed. 2, i, 62 n. FlKl. Schr. i. 98); Ges§ 60 R. 1 Dr Qal falsely pointed as Hoph`al); — be led or enticed to serve other gods Exodus 20:5 = Deuteronomy 5:9; Exodus 23:24; Deuteronomy 13:8. |