H2063. zoth

זֹאת‎ pronoun feminine see זֶה‎.

זבב‎ (√ of following; compare Arabic go hither and thither (of a man); make to dangle, or move to and fro, of a thing suspended in the air; but in this sense perhaps denominative)

זֶה‎ demonstrative pronoun and

adverb; feminine זֹאת‎, once זֹאתָה‎, Jeremiah 26:6 Kt (also זֹה‎ and זוֺ‎, q. v.); common זוּ‎ (q. v.): this, here (the element ז‎ = = is widely diffused in the Semitic languages, as a demonstrative particle, often acquiring, like English that, German der, die, das, the force of a relative. Thus

a. Phoenician זֶ‎ this (e.g. ז קבר‎ this grave), also sometimes זן‎, feminine זא‎, comm. אז‎ (see CIS I. i. 1:4; 1:5; 1:6; 1:12; 44:1; 88:2 etc.); Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylon, Têma, Egypt, זי‎ as mark of the Genitive [literally that of] (CIS II. i. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., 65, 69-71, 113, 114, 141, 142, etc.), זנה‎ this (ib. 113:22; 145 C²), feminine זא‎ 113:15; 145 B⁵; Aramaic of Zinjirli זנה זן, ז,‎ this, זי‎ which (DHM^{Sendsch. 56}); Ethiopic ze, this, feminine z¹, za, who (masculine), also (like זִי‎, and דְּ דִּי,‎ [see below]) in common use as a mark of the Genitive;

b. Arabic this, feminine , (genitive , accusative , feminine ), possessor of (literally that of . . ., i.e. one who owns), or in the Tayyite dialect, who, which: from , with lo! prefixed, this, feminine , with the pronominal element +? affixed, = this: with 'al (= the article) + a demonstrative element la prefixed, who, which (in origin = Hebrew הַלָּזֶה‎ this, q. v.); Sabean דֿן‎ this, feminine דֿ דֿת,‎ who, which, feminine דֿת‎ (Prä^{ZMG. 1872, 419}, DHM^{ZMG. 1883, 338 f.}, also^{Epigr. Denkm. 65});

c. Biblical Aramaic דִּי‎ which, דְּנָה דִּכֵּן, דֵּךְ,‎ (q. v.) this, feminine דָּא‎ (= זֹאת‎), דָּךְ‎; Palmyrene and Nabataean די‎ which, דנה‎ this; דְּ ᵑ7‎ which, דֵּיכֵּי דֵּין,‎ this, feminine דָּא‎; with הא‎ lo! prefixed, הָדָא הָדֵין,‎ (Syriac , contracted from ), ; Syriac who, which; Samaritan who, which, this, feminine Mandean ד‎ who, which, דהֿ‎ this (rare), more commonly האזין האדין,‎ (Nö^{Mand § 80, 81}). Alike in Hebrew and the other dialects, the corresponding plur. is derived from a different source: Hebrew אֵלָּה‎, Phoenician אל‎, Ethiopic 'ell¥, 'ell¹, these, 'ella, who, Arabic , these, , owners of, Sabean אלן‎ these, אלי אל,‎ who, which, Aramaic אִלֵּין‎, with הא‎ lo! prefixed, , Samaritan , Mandean עלין‎. Only the Arabic forms its own plural . V. further W^{SG 107 ff.}) —

1 standing alone:

a. this one, sometimes contemptuously (especially with אֵת‎), Genesis 2:23 לֻקֳּחָהזּֿאֹת מֵאִישׁ כִּי אִשָּׁה יִקָּרֵא לָזֹאת‎, 5:29 ֗֗֗ יְנַחֲמֵנוּ זֶה‎, 12:12; 38:28; Exodus 10:7 לְמוֺקֵשׁ לָנוּ זֶה יִהְיֶה מָתַי עַד‎, 1 Samuel 10:27 זֶה יּוֺשִׁיעֵנוּ מַה‎ how shall this man save us ? 16:8-9, 1 Samuel 21:16 that ye have brought אֶתזֶֿה‎ this fellow to play the madman against me ? 25:21 in vain have I kept לָזֶה אֶתכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר‎ all that this fellow hath etc. 2 Samuel 13:17 אֶתזֹֿאת‎, 1 Kings 22:27 אֶתזֶֿה‎, Micah 5:4; Isaiah 66:2; as a Genitive, Genesis 29:27-28, 1 Kings 21:2; with a collective force Leviticus 11:4, 9 (= Deuteronomy 14:7, 9), 14:21; 14:29; Judges 20:16-17, (כָּלזֶֿה‎), Job 19:19 (with a plural verb). In a purely neuter sense (of an act, event, announcement, etc.) זאת‎ is most common, as with עשׂה‎ to do this Genesis 3:14; 20:5-6, 45:19 and often, זאת שׁמעו‎ Amos 8:4; Isaiah 47:8; 48:1, 16; 51:21 and elsewhere; Genesis 41:39; Exodus 17:14; Deuteronomy 32:6; Judges 7:14; 21:3 זֹאת לָמָההָֽ֗֗֗יְתָה‎ (compare Job 1:13; Psalm 118:23) 1 Kings 11:39; 2 Samuel 7:19; 2 Kings 3:18 +; זֹאת אֵין‎ 1 Samuel 20:2b compare Amos 2:11 rarely so with אֶתֿ‎ Joshua 22:24; Jeremiah 9:11; Psalm 92:7; as an accusative of limitation, as regards this, in this, Ezekiel 20:27; 36:37; Job 19:26 (si vera lectio), 33:12 in this thou art not just; (late) זֹאת אַחֲרֵי‎ 42:16; Ezra 9:10, ׳א כלזֿאת‎2 Chronicles 21:18; 35:20; pointing forward to a following clause, Genesis 42:18; 43:11; Numbers 8:24; 14:35; Isaiah 56:2; Job 10:13 etc.; Exodus 9:16; 1 Samuel 25:31; Isaiah 1:12 חֲצֵרָֽי׃ רְמֹס מִיֶּדְכֶם זאת דִקֵּשׁ מִי‎; to one introduced by כִּי‎ 2 Samuel 19:22; Psalm 102:19; 119:50; 119:56 (see also בְּזֹאת‎ 6b β): but זֶה‎ also sometimes occurs similarly Exodus 13:8; Proverbs 24:12; Job 15:17; Nehemiah 2:2; Ecclesiastes 1:17; 2:15 הבל זה גם‎ (so 2:19; 2:21; 2:23 +), 7:18 (twice in verse); of a concrete object, Exodus 30:31; 2 Kings 4:43 אִישׁ מֵאָה לִפְנֵי זֶה אֶתֵּן מָה‎: in late Hebrew, Nehemiah 13:6 בְּכָלזֶֿה‎ during all this, 2 Chronicles 32:9 זֶה אַחַר‎; pointing forwards la 2 Chron 5:17 f., to כִּי‎ Psalm 56:10; je 22:21. (See also below, 6g.)

b. repeated זֶהזֶ֗֗֗ה‎, this . . . that, the one . . . the other or (if indefinite) another, Genesis 29:27 (זֹאת‎), Exodus 14:20 זֶה אֶל זֶה קָרַב וְלֹא‎, 1 Kings 3:23; 22:20; Isaiah 6:3; 44:5 (3 t.), Psalm 75:8 יָרִים וְזֶה יַשְׁמִּיל זֶה‎, Job 1:16-18; 21:23, 25 +.

2 In apposition to a substantive:

a. preceding it (rare) Exodus 32:1, 23 משֶׁה זֶה‎, Judges 5:5 (= Psalm 68:9) סִינַי זֶה‎ this Sinai, Joshua 9:12 לַחְמֵנוּ זֶה‎ this our bread, 1 Kings 14:14; 2 Kings 6:33; Isaiah 23:13 הָעָם זֶה‎, Psalm 34:7; 49:14; 104:25 וג גדול הים ׳זה‎ this sea there is great and broad, 118:20; Cant 7:8; Ezra 3:12. (compare זוּ‎ Habakkuk 1:11.)

b. following it: — (a) when the substantive is determined by a pronominal affix, Genesis 24:8 זֹאת שְׁבוּעָתִי‎, this my oath, Deuteronomy 5:16 O that זֶה לְבָבָם‎ this their heart (their present temper) might continue always! 21:20; Joshua 2:14, 20 זֶה דְּבָרֵנוּ‎, Judges 6:14 go זֶה בְּכֹחֲךָ‎ in this thy strength, Daniel 10:17; 2 Chronicles 24:18. (compare אֵלֶּה‎, a.) Rarely when it is undetermined, 2 Kings 1:2 זֶה חֳלִי‎ (so 8:8-9,), Psalm 80:15 (β) with the article, הַזּאֹת הַזֶּה,‎, after a substantive determined also by the article, Genesis 7:1 הַזֶּה בַּדּוֺר‎, 7:13 הַזֶּה הַיּוֺם‎, 12:7 הַזּאֹת הָאָרֶץ‎, 15:7; 17:21, 23; Deuteronomy 4:6 הזה הגדול הגוי‎, and continually. Not however after a proper name, except such as are construed with the article, as הַזֶּה הַיַּרְדֵּן‎ Genesis 32:11; Deuteronomy 3:27; 31:2; Joshua 1:2, 11; 4:22, הַזֶּה הַלְּבָנוֺן‎ 1:4, compare Numbers 27:12 = Deuteronomy 32:49 (2 Kings 5:20 הַזֶּה‎ belongs to הָאֲרַמִּי‎): and hardly ever (2 Chronicles 1:10 after a noun with a pronominal affix (Joshua 2:17 הַזֶּה מִשְּׁבֻעָתֵךְ‎ the Gender of הזה‎ shews that the text is in error: see Dr^{§ 209} Obs.).

3 More oft. as predicate, as 1 Samuel 24:17 זֶה הֲקוֺלְךָ‎, 2 Kings 3:23 זֶה דָּם‎ this is blood, 9:37 אִיזָָֽבֶל׃ זֹאת‎, Ezekiel 5:5 etc.; הֲזֶה‎ Isaiah 14:16, הֲזֹאת‎ 23:7; Lamentations 2:15; often at the beginning or close of enumerations (especially P), descriptions, injunctions, etc., as Genesis 5:1 ספר זה‎ this is the book . . ., 9:12 הַבְּרִית אוֺת זֹאת‎, 17:10; 20:13 עִמָּדִי תַּעֲשִׂי אֲשֶׁר חַסְדֵּךְ זֶה‎, Leviticus 6:2; 6:13; 6:18; 7:1, 11; Deuteronomy 6:1; 33:1; Joshua 13:2; Job 27:13; Isaiah 58:6 etc.; ֗֗֗ אשׁר הדבר זה‎ Exodus 16:16; 35:4; Joshua 5:4; Judges 20:9; 21:11; Isaiah 27:22; Jeremiah 38:21 +, compare ֗֗֗ אשׁר זה‎ this is what (or how) . . . Genesis 6:15; Exodus 29:38; Jeremiah 33:16; הָאוֺת לְךָ זֶה‎ Exodus 3:12; 1 Samuel 2:34 +; at the end, Leviticus 7:37; 11:46; 13:50; Numbers 5:21; 7:17, 23 etc., Joshua 19:8, 16, 23 etc., Isaiah 14:26; 16:13 (֗֗֗ אֲשֶׁר הַדָּבָר זֶה‎), 17:14; 54:17; Jeremiah 13:25; Psalm 109:20; Song of Solomon 5:16 (twice in verse); Job 5:27, in the latter case sometimes with the force of such (i.e. such as has been described), 18:21; 20:29 (compare אֵלֶּה‎ Psalm 73:12), 24:6; Psalm 48:15 such (= such a one) is God, our God, for ever (Hi De) Zephaniah 2:15; compare Job 14:3 אַףעַֿלזֶֿה‎ upon one such as this (14:1; 14:2) dost thou open thy eyes?

4 It is attached enclitically, almost as an adverb, to certain words, especially interrogative pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in English idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker. (Contrast from this point of view זה מי‎ and הוא מי‎: see הוא‎ 4b. Thus

a. אֵיזֶֿה‎₁₅ where, then ? Job 28:12 בִּינָה מְקוֺם אֵיזֶֿה‎, 28:20; 38:19 b (see other examples below אַי‎ 1b, p. 32).

b. מִיזֶֿה‎, 1 Samuel 17:55-56, הָעָֽלֶם׃ בֶּןמִֿיזֶֿ֖ה‎ the son of whom, here, is the lad ? Jeremiah 49:19 (= 50:44) וג אֲשֶׁר רֹעֶה זֶה ׳וּמִי‎ and who (emphatic) is the shepherd that etc., Lamentations 3:37; Psalm 24:8 Who is the king of glory ? (for which in 24:10 the stronger זֶה הוּא מִי‎ is said: so Jeremiah 30:21; Esther 7:5), Esth 25:12. Elsewhere, the rend. Who is this . . . is admissible: Isaiah 63:1; Jeremiah 46:7; Job 38:2; 42:3; compare מִיזֹֿאת‎ Song of Solomon 3:6; 6:10; 8:5.

c. מַהזֶֿה‎ how, now ? Genesis 27:20; Judges 18:24 אֵלַי תּאֹמְרוּ וּמַהזֶּֿה‎ and how, now, do ye say to me . . . ? 1 Kings 21:5; 2 Kings 1:5; what, now ? (τίποτε;) 1 Samuel 10:11 לְבֶןקִֿישׁ הָיָה מַהזֶּֿה‎; עַלמַֿהאזֶּה‎ for what ? Nehemiah 2:4: contracted into מַזֶּה‎ Exodus 4:2. (compare Aramaic מָדֵין‎ why ? used as a conjunction therefore, e.g. 2 Samuel 18:22 ᵑ6‎, PS^{2013: both formed similarly}.)

d. מַהזּֿאֹת‎ in the phrase (עָשִׂית עֲשִׂיתֶם,‎) עָשִׂיתָ מַהזּֿאֹת‎ Genesis 3:13; 12:18; 26:10; 29:25; 42:28; Exodus 14:11; Judges 2:2; 15:11 +. Either What, now, hast thou (have ye) done ? (Fl De) or what is this (that) thou hast (ye have) done ? (The Arabic grammarians dispute on the precise construction of the corresponding phrase in Arabic ; De^{Genesis 3:13 (ed. 4)}, and especially Fl^{Kl Schr. i. 356} Lane^{p. 948}.)

e. לָמָּהזֶּֿה‎ wherefore, now ? Genesis 18:13; 25:22; 32:30; Exodus 5:22; Numbers 11:20 +?

f. זֶה הַאַתָּה‎ 2 Samuel 2:20 עשׂהאל זה האתה‎ Art thou Asahel ? 1 Kings 18:7, 17, without הֲ‎ Genesis 27:24; in an indirect question 27:21.

g. זֶה הִנֵּה‎ behold, here . . . 1 Kings 19:5 (in narrative), Isaiah 21:9; Song of Solomon 2:8-9,. compare Numbers 13:17 (unusual) בַּנֶּגֶבּ זֶה עֲלוּ‎ go up here in the South.

h. זֶה עַתָּה‎, 1 Kings 17:24 יָדַעְתִּי זֶה עַתָּה‎ now I know that . . ., 2 Kings 5:22 just now. Also

i. prefixed to expressions denoting a period of time: Genesis 27:36 he hath supplanted me פַעֲמַיִם זֶה‎ now two times (so 43:10), 31:38 now, already twenty years, 31:41 (֗֗֗ זֶהלִּֿי‎, 45:6; Numbers 14:22 now ten times, 22:28, 32 רְגָלִים שָׁלשׁ זֶה‎, Deuteronomy 8:2, 4; Joshua 22:3 רַבִּים יָמִים זֶה‎, 2 Samuel 14:2 +; Zechariah 7:3 שָׁנִים כַּמָּה זֶה‎ already how many years! compare Ruth 2:7.

5 In poetry, as a relative pronoun (rare: but see also זוּ זוֺ,‎): Psalm 74:2 the hill of Zion בּוֺ שׁכנת זה‎ wherein thou dwellest, 78:54; 104:8 זה אלמְֿקום‎ to the place (stative construct Ges^{§ 130}. 3) which . . . 78:26; Proverbs 23:22; Isaiah 25:9; = that which Job 15:17, those who 19:19 (so once, Exodus 13:8, even in prose). In some of the passages cited the punctuators, by coupling זה‎ with the preceding substantive, and separating it from what follows by a disj. accent (as הַרֶֿ™זה‎), appear not to have recognised its relative sense, but to have construed, 'this mountain, (which) thy right hand,' etc.

6 With prefixes (in special senses): —

a. בָּזֶה‎₁₅ in this (place), here, Genesis 38:21-22, Exodus 24:14; Numbers 23:1 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 1:26; 9:11 +; of time, then, Esther 2:13. Once בַּזֶה‎ 1 Samuel 21:10.

b. בְּזֹאת‎ (a) with this = on these conditions, Genesis 34:15, 22; 1 Samuel 11:2; Isaiah 27:9; = herewith, thus provided Leviticus 16:3. (β) by or through this (especially with יָדַע‎), Genesis 42:15, 33; Exodus 7:17; Numbers 16:28; Joshua 3:10; Psalm 41:12; so בָּזֹאת‎ Malachi 3:10. (γ) in spite of this, Leviticus 26:27; Psalm 27:3, for which the fuller בְּכָלזֹֿאת‎ occurs, Isaiah 5:25; 9:11; 9:16; 9:20; 10:4; Psalm 78:32; Jeremiah 3:10; Hosea 7:10. (δ) בָּזֹאת‎ for this cause (late style) 1 Chronicles 27:24; 2 Chronicles 19:2; in this matter20:17;

c. כָּזֶה‎ (a) Genesis 41:38 ֗֗֗ אשׁר אִישׁ כָזֶה הֲנִמְצָא‎, Isaiah 56:12; 58:5; Jeremiah 5:9 כָּזֶה אֲשֶׁר גּוֺי‎ (so 5:29; 9:8). (β) וְכָזֶה כָּזֹה‎ thus and thus, Judges 18:4; 2 Samuel 11:25; 1 Kings 14:5.

d. כְּזֹאת‎ the like of this = as follows, Genesis 45:23; כָּזֹאת‎ the like of this = things such as these Judges 13:23 (with השׁמיע‎), 15:7; 19:30 כָּזֹאת נראתה לא‎, 1 Samuel 4:7 (compare Jeremiah 2:10; 2 Chronicles 30:26), 2 Samuel 14:13 (with חשׁב‎), Isaiah 66:8 (with שׁמע‎), Ezra 7:27; = accordingly, to that effect (with דִּבֶּר‎) 2 Chronicles 34:22; = in like manner Judges 8:8; = thus (as has been described) 1 Kings 7:37; 1 Chronicles 29:14; 2 Chronicles 31:20; 32:15: וְכָזֹאת כָּזֹאת‎ thus and thus Joshua 7:20; 2 Samuel 17:15 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 5:4; 9:12.

e. מִזֶּה‎ from here, hence Genesis 37:17; 42:15; 50:25; Exodus 11:1 (twice in verse); 13:3; Deuteronomy 9:12 + often: מִזֶּהמִ֗֗֗זֶּה‎ on one side . . . on the other side Exodus 17:12 אחד ומזה אחד מזה‎, 25:19; 26:13; 32:15 כתובים הם ומזה מזה‎, Numbers 22:24; 1 Samuel 14:4; 1 Kings 10:19-20, Zechariah 5:3 +; לְ וּמִזֶּה מִוֶּה‎ on one side and on the other side of . . . Exodus 38:15; Joshua 8:33; Ezekiel 45:7; 48:21.

f. זֶה עַל‎ on this account (rare), Lamentations 5:17 (pointing forwards), Esther 6:3. So זֹאת עַל‎ Amos 8:8; Micah 1:8; Jeremiah 2:12 (Job 17:8) Jeremiah 4:8; 4:28; Psalm 32:6; in late prose Ezra 8:23; 9:15; 10:2; Nehemiah 13:14; 2 Chronicles 16:9-10, 29:9; 32:20.

g. זֶה עִם‎ in spite of this Nehemiah 5:18. — On זֶה אֵי‎ which ? מִזֶּה אֵי‎ whence ? לָזֹאת אֵי‎ how ? see below אַי‎

2; and on הַלֵּזוּ הַלָּזֶה, הַלָּז,‎.

Note. — זֶה‎ in 1 Samuel 17:34 (in many editions) is a typographical error (not a Kt) of Jacob b. Chayim's Rabbinic Bible of 1525 for שׂה‎ sheep, which has been perpetuated hence in other subsequent editions. The reading of MSS. and of the best ancient editions is שֶׂה‎ (compare de Rossi^{Var. Lect. ii. 151}).