Lexical Summary ad: as far as, even to, up to, until, while Original Word: עַדTransliteration: ad Phonetic Spelling: (ad) Part of Speech: preposition; preposition ; conjunction Short Definition: as far as, even to, up to, until, while Meaning: as far as, even to, up to, until, while Strong's Concordance against, and, as, at, before, by that, even to, forasmuch as, Properly, the same as ad (used as a preposition, adverb or conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with) -- against, and, as, at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as), (hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that, till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet. see HEBREW ad Brown-Driver-Briggs H5704. ad III. עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי ( Numbers 24:20, 24; Psalm 104:23; 147:6; Job 7:4; 20:5, and in עַד עֲדֵי Isaiah 26:4; 65:18; Psalm 83:18; 92:8; 132:12; 132:14:compare עֲלֵי אֱלֵי,), preposition as far as, even to, up to, until, while (Aramaic עד, Sabean עדי עד,, MordtmZMG xxx (1876), 27; DHMxxxvii (1883), 414, Assyrian adi Dl§ 81 a (Arabic is except); perh akin to pass on, advance to, Köii. 304, 309: עֲדֵי probably from ground-form ±¦d¦y, Ol428, 431 Köii. 309 ff.; but LagSym. ii. 101-3, Mitth. i. 231 f., as plur. like אַחֲרֵי); — with suffix עָדַי Numbers 23:18 +, עָדֶיךָ Micah 4:8 +, etc., עָֽדיֵכֵם Job 32:12; 2 Kings 9:18 עַדהֵֿם occurs; — as far as, even to (differing from אֶל in that the limit is included, as in Arabic FlKl. Schr. i. 402 f.): I. preposition 1. of space; — a. Genesis 11:31 חרן עד ויבאו as far as Haran, 12:6; 13:3, 12 + often, Isaiah 8:8 יגעַ צואר עד, 15:4 קולם נשׁמע יהץ עד, 25:12; 26:5; Psalm 36:6 שׁחקים עד אמונתך, 69:2 נפשׁ עד מים דאו (compare Jonah 2:6; Micah 1:9; Jeremiah 4:10, 18), Jer 90:3דַּכָּא עַד אֱנוֺשׁ תָּשֵׁד Job 11:7, etc.; pregnantly Psalm 118:27 וגו עַד חָג ׳אִסְדוּ bind . . . (and lead) up to . . .; Isaiah 57:9 מֵרָחוק עַד even to afar (מִן 1c); with the goal a person, Exodus 22:8 שְׁנֵיהֶם דְבַר יָבאֹ האלהים עד, 1 Samuel 9:9; Psalm 65:3 יָבאֹוּ כָלבָּֿשָׂר עָדֶיךָ Isaiah 45:24; Job 4:5, י עַד ׳שׁוּב Hosea 14:2 al. (see שׁוּב, stronger than אֶליֿ ׳שׁוּב); in poetry Numbers 24:20 אֹבֵד עֲדֵי וְאַחֲדִיתוֺ shall be even unto destruction, shall issue in destruction, 24:24; rarely with verbs of attending, עַד הֶאֱזִין 23:18, עַד הִתְבּוֺנֵן Job 32:12; 38:18 (usually אֶל). Before another perp., 1 Samuel 7:11 ל מִתַּחַת ׳עַד 1 Kings 4:12 מֵעַל עַד ל, מֵעֵבֶר ׳עַד Ezekiel 41:20, לִפְנֵי עַד Esther 4:2, and even (si vera. l.) אְלֵיהֶם עַד 2 Kings 9:20:compare נֶגֶד עַד Nehemiah 3:16, 26, נֹכַח עַד Judges 19:10 +. b. In the combination (וְ)עַד ֗֗֗ מִן, as Genesis 10:19 עַזָּה עַד ֗֗֗ מצידון from Sidon . . . as far as Gaza + often (see מן 5a); and idiomatic, not of actual space, but of class of objects, to express the idea of both... and, as Genesis 19:4 זָקִן וְעַד מִנַּעַר from young to old (inclusively) = both young and old (see מִן 5b); without מִן, even to = including, Leviticus 11:42; Numbers 8:4 even to (i. e. including) it base and its flower, compare 1 Samuel 18:4. 2 Of time: a. (a) even to, until Genesis 8:5 even to the 10th month, Exodus 12:6 unto the 14th day, etc., 12:15; 12:18, etc.; היום עד unto this day, Genesis 19:37-38, הזה היום עד 26:33; Genesis 32:33, both + often; יום עד followed by infinitive Exodus 40:37; Joshua 6:10; Judges 18:30; בקר עד till morning, Exodus 12:10 + (15 t.), הבקר עד 16:23 + (11 t.); so (ה)ערב עד 18:13-14, +, in poetry ערב עֲרֵי Psalm 104:23; עוֺלָם עַד Genesis 13:15 + often; מְּעָמִים שֶׁבַע עַד 2 Kings 4:35; וָדוֺר דּוֺר עַד Isaiah 13:20; see also בְּלִי, and בִּלְתִּי, near the end and followed by another preposition, Leviticus 23:16 הַשַּׁבָּת מִמָּחֳרַת עַד, Nehemiah 13:9 הַשַּׁבָּת אַחַר עַד. With the force of against, Judges 6:31 הַבֹּקֶר עַד יוּמַת; compare (b) end. (b) followed by infinitive, both of past time, as Genesis 8:7; Genesis 32:35 הַשַּׁחַר עֲלוֺת עַד, 33:3; 34:5, and especially future time, as 3:19 שׁוּבְךָ עַד until thy returning, 19:22; 27:45; Deuteronomy 7:20, 23; 20:20; 22:2; 28:20, 22, — both + often; compare בּוֺשׁ עַד Judges 3:25 +; ֗֗֗ תֹּם עַד Leviticus 25:29 10t.; תֻּמָּם עַד Deuteronomy 2:15 +; כַּלֵּה עַד 2 Kings 13:17, 19; Ezekiel 19:14; כַּלּוֺתָ(םׅ עַד 1 Samuel 15:18; Jeremiah 9:15 +; הַבֹּקֶר אוֺר עַד Judges 16:2 +; also in אֹתָם הִשְׁמִדְךָ עַד Deuteronomy 7:24 (compare 28:48; Joshua 11:14; 1 Kings 15:29; 2 Kings 3:25; 10:17; 24:20 ["" Jeremiah 52:3 הִשְׁלִיכוֺ]; on the anomalous ׳הִ, see Dr, read probably ׳הַ); and most probably compare Köiii. 583) in שָׂרִיד (לָהֶם) לוֺ הִשְׁאִיר בִּלְתִּי עַד Deuteronomy 3:3 (see Dr), + 5 t. (see above), read probably הַשְׁאִיר. With the force of towards the end of, against, especially in בֹּאָ(םׅ עַד, Genesis 43:25; Exodus 22:25; Numbers 10:21 בֹּאָם עַד המשׁכן את והקימו used to set up the tabernacle against their coming, 2 Kings 16:11; Ezekiel 33:22; compare 2 Samuel 17:22. Elliptical Judges 16:2 וַהֲרַגְנוּהוּ הַבֹּקֶד אוֺד עַד (wait) till the morning dawn, and we slay him! (GFM; Dr§ 115). (c) with various adverbs of time. (q. v.) as עַתָּה עַד כֵּן, עַד כֹּה, עַד הֵנָּה, עַד מָתַי, עַד עַדמָֿה, אָנָה, עַד, compare פְעָמִים כַּמֶּה עַד (see מָה 4b). (d) to suffest also degree (compare 3), מָקוֺם אֵין עַד until there is no place Isaiah 5:8, מִסְמָּר אֵין עַד Psalm 40:13; Job 5:9; 9:10; compare Leviticus 26:18 וְאִםעַֿדאֵֿלֶּה and if even up to these things, even the end of all these punishment, you do not hearken to me. b. During (rare; prop, as far as the limit indicated, including the time previous, compare ἔως: so often Aramaic עַד, , while), 2 Kings 9:22 what is peace אִיזֶבֶל זְנוּנֵי עַד during, etc.,? Job 20:5 רָ֑גַע עֲדֵי during a moment; followed by infinitive Judges 3:26 הִתְמַהְמְהָם עַד during their delaying, Exodus 33:22; Job 7:19 רֻקִּי בִּלְעִי עַד Jonah 4:2. 3 Of degree, to suggest a higher or the highest; as מְאֹד עַד even to muchness, i.e. exceedingly (see מְאֹד), מְהֵרָה עַד even to haste Psalm 147:15; Esther 5:6 וְתֵעָשׂ הַמַּלְכוּת עַדחֲֿצִי וּמַהבֻּֿקָּשָׁתֵךְ, 5:3; 7:2. See also לְ עַד, below. With a negative, to express not even as much as, Deuteronomy 2:5 רָ֑גֶל כַּף מִדְרַךְ עַד מארצם לכם אתן לא, and with אֶחָד, Exodus 9:7 עַדאֶֿחָד ֗֗֗ מֵת לֹא, simil. 14:28; Judges 4:16; 2 Samuel 17:22 (read אֶחָד for ׃אַחַד see Dr). Sts. almost = Latin adeo, 1 Samuel 2:5 (si vera lectio) שׁבעה ילדה עֲקָרָה עַד even to the barren, she hath borne seven, i.e. even the barren hath, etc., Job 25:5 יאהיל ולא עדיָֿרֵחַ הן, Haggai 2:19. In comparisons, to the degree of, even like (rare), Nahum 1:10 סְבֻכִים סִירִים עַד (text dubious) entangled even like thorns, 1 Chronicles 4:27 יהודה בני עד הִרְבּוּ לא did not multiply to the degree of (i.e.like), etc. compare. 2 Samuel 23:19 בָא לֹא הַשְּׁלשָׁה עַד did not attain (in prowess) unto the three. II. conjunction 1. until; — a אֲשֶׁר עַד until that: (a) with perfect, of past time, Exodus 32:20 דָּק אשׁר עד ויטחן (Deuteronomy 9:21), 2:14 עָבַרְנוּ אשׁר עד, Joshua 3:17; 8:26; Judges 4:24; 1 Kings 10:7 (2 Chronicles 9:6), 2 Kings 17:20, 23; 21:16; with suggestion of degree, 1 Samuel 30:4 (followed byאֵין), 1 Kings 17:17; rarely of future time (the 'future perfect,' Dr§ 17), 2 Samuel 17:13 (of degree), Ezekiel 34:21 So -שֶׁ עַד (often in Late Hebrew; see שֶׁ) Judges 5:7; Song of Solomon 3:4 (twice in verse); כִּי עַד Genesis 26:13 מְאֹד כִּיגָֿדַל עַד, 41:49; 2 Samuel 23:10; 2 Chronicles 26:15; and (of future time) אִם אֲשֶׁר עַד Genesis 28:15; Numbers 32:17; Isaiah 6:11. (b) with imperfect, usually of future time, Genesis 27:44 אָחִיךָ חֲמַר תָּשׁוּב אֲשֶׁר עַד, 29:8; Exodus 23:30; 24:14; Leviticus 22:4; Numbers 11:20; 20:17; 1 Samuel 22:3; Hosea 5:15 +; rarely of past time, Jonah 4:5 יראה אשׁר עד till he should see, Ecclesiastes 2:3. So (of the future) -שֶׁ עַד Song of Solomon 2:7, 17; 3:5; 4:6; 8:4; Psalm 123:2; and כִּי עַד Genesis 49:10 שִׁילֹה כִּייָֿבאֹ עַד. b. עַד alone, until: (a) with perfect, of past time, Joshua 2:22; 4:23 עַדעָֿבַרְנוּ, 1 Samuel 20:41 הִגְדִּיל דָּוִד עַד, 2 Samuel 21:10; 1 Kings 11:16; Ezekiel 28:15; of the future (rare), 2 Kings 7:3 מָ֑תְנוּ עַד, Ezekiel 39:15; Daniel 11:36 זָ֑עַם כָּלָה עַד. So סִם עַד (of the future), Genesis 24:19, 33; Isaiah 30:17; Ruth 2:21. (b) with imperfect, of future time, 1 Samuel 1:22 (elliptic: compare Judges 16:2, 12a (b) end), Isaiah 22:14; 26:20; 32:15; 62:1, 7; Psalm 57:2; 71:18; Job 27:5 +; of the past (rare), Exodus 15:16 עמך יעבור עד, 15:16; Joshua 10:13 (poetry) אוֺיְבָיו גּוֺי יִקֹּם עַד, Psalm 73:17. — N.B. In poetry, עַד is sometimes used to mark not an absolute close, but an epoch or turning-point, in the future, as 110:1 (see De) לְרַגְלֶיךָ הֲדֹם אֹיְבֶיךָ אָשִׁית עַד, Hosea 10:12; Job 14:6 (but see 3); after a negative clause, Genesis 49:10; Numbers 23:24; Isaiah 42:4; Psalm 71:18; 112:8; Job 8:21 (but read probably with Ew Hi Di Du al. עֹד he will yet, etc., understanding 8:20 as present, not future). 2 While (rare: compare 12 b): — a. with perfect, 1 Samuel 14:19 שׁאול דִּבֶּר עד while Saul spake. b. with imperfect, Psalm 141:10 אֶעֱבֹר עַד אָנֹכִי יַחד while I at the same time pass by. c. with participle, Job 1:18 מְדַבֵּר זֶה עַד (but read probably עֹד, as 1:16; 1:17), Nehemiah 7:3. d. -שֶׁ עַד (without verb) Song of Solomon 1:12. So לֹא עַד while not = ere yet (of past time) Proverbs 8:26 אדץ עשׂה לא עד (so לָא עַד, , often, e.g. Genesis 24:15 ᵑ7, Matthew 1:18); and לא אשׁר עד (of the future) Ecclesiastes 12:1-2, 6 (compare Talmud דְּלָא עַד, Mishna עַד שֶׁלּאֹ). 3 Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare), Isaiah 47:7 Thou saidst, I shall be for ever a lady, לִבֵךְ עַל אֵלֶּה שַׂמְתְּ לֹא עַד to the point that (going so far in thy pride that) thou didst not, etc. (but Hi Che Du al. join עַד גְּבֶרֶת I shall be for ever, a lady perpetually; see I. עַד); Job 14:6 (Di De Bu Du) to the point that he may enjoy, etc., Isaiah 22:14 (Du). In Joshua 17:14 י ֵבּרְכַנִי כֹּה ׳עַד אֲשֶׁר עַד, read אֲשֶׁר עַל because that (Ges Buhl; compare Di). III. לְ עַד, a strengthened form for עַד, found chiefly in Chronicles, Ezra, and occurring in most of the above senses. Thus 1 of space: עַד חֲמָת לְבוֺא Joshua 13:5; Judges 3:3; 1 Chronicles 13:5, ל ׳עד מִדְבָּ֫רָה 5:9, ל ׳עד מצרים2 Chronicles 16:8; הַגָּ֑יְא לְמִזְרַהּ עַד 1 Chronicles 4:39, לַמְצָד עַד 12:17; לִגְרָר עַד2 Chronicles 14:12; לַשָּׁמַיִם עַד28:9; Ezra 9:6. 2 Of time: לעולם עד 1 Chronicles 23:25; 28:7; עַד לְמֵרָחוֺק2 Chronicles 26:15; Ezra 3:13; 9:4 הערב למנחת עד; הַזֶּה לַדָּבָר עַד 10:14 probably during (KeilGes Be with regard to, strengthened for לְ); followed by infinitive הַמִּנְחָה לַעֲלוֺת עַד 1 Kings 18:29; לִכְלוֺת עַד 1 Chronicles 28:20; 2 Chronicles 29:28; לְכַלֵּה עַד24:10; 31:1; להשׁחית עד26:16; לָמוּת עַד32:24 ("" 2 Kings 20:1 לָמוּת alone); Ezra 10:14 להשׁיב עד. 3 Of degree: גָדוֺל לְמַחֲנֶה עַד even unto (till there was) a great camp, 1 Chronicles 12:23; לְמַ֫עְלָה עַד = exceedingly2 Chronicles 16:12; 17:12; 26:8; לִמְאֹד עַד16:14; לְשִׂמְחָה עַד29:30 לָרֹב עַד2Chron 31:30; מַרְמֵּא לְאֵין עַד36:16. |