H5975. amad

עָמַד‎₅₂₀ take one's stand, stand (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician עמד‎; Assyrian emêdu, stand, set up; Arabic prop up, support, and derivatives; Ethiopic pillar; עַמּוּדָא ᵑ7‎ pillar, Syriac , Palmyrene עמודא‎, compare also proper name תימעמד‎; Sabean עמד‎ pillar, according to CIS^{iv. 91} (or other derivatives from √ עמד‎ DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 5}), plural אעמדן‎ pillars DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. sus Abess. 80}); —

Qal₄₃₅ Perfect ׳ע‎ Genesis 19:27 +, 3 feminine singular עָֽמְדָה‎ 2 Kings 13:6 +, etc.; Imperfect יַעֲמֹד‎ Exodus 21:21, יַעֲמוֺד‎ Nahum 1:6 +, יַעֲמָדֿ‎ 1 Samuel 16:22 +; 1 singular אֶעֱמֹ֑דָה‎ Habakkuk 2:1, וָאֶעֱמֹד‎ 2 Samuel 1:10; 3masculine plural יַעַמְדוּ‎ Jeremiah 32:14 +, יַעֲמֹ֑דוּ‎ Ezekiel 1:21 +, 2 masculine plural וַתַּעַמְדוּן‎ Deuteronomy 4:11, etc.; Imperative עֲמֹד‎ 1 Samuel 9:27 +, עֲמָדֿ‎ 2 Samuel 1:9; feminine singular עִמְדִי‎ Isaiah 47:12; Jeremiah 48:19, etc.; Infinitive absolute עָמֹד‎ Esther 9:16; construct עֲמֹד‎ Exodus 18:23 +, suffix עָמְדִי‎ Jeremiah 18:20, עֲמָדְךָ‎ Obadiah 11, etc.; Participle עֹמֵד‎ Isaiah 3:13 +, feminine עֹמֶ֫דֶת‎ Haggai 2:5 +, etc.; —

1. a. take one's stand, and (especially participle) stand, be in a standing attitude: with עַל‎ by, 1 Samuel 26:13; 2 Samuel 2:25; 2 Kings 2:7 +, so participle Genesis 18:8 (J), 41:1, 17 (E) +, עַל‎ on, Exodus 3:5 (E), Deuteronomy 27:12 +; with ב‎ location Exodus 32:26; Numbers 22:24, 26 (all J E), +; with אֶל‎ location 1 Kings 20:38 (+ לְ‎ person), Jeremiah 48:19; Ezekiel 21:26; 27:29; with אֶל‎ person 1 Samuel 17:51; 2 Kings 5:25; with אֵצֶל‎ Genesis 41:3 (E), Ezekiel 9:2; 10:6; Nehemiah 8:4; with לִפְנֵי‎ Genesis 18:22; 1 Kings 3:16; 8:22 +; before ׳י‎, for intercession Genesis 19:27 (J), Deuteronomy 4:10; Jeremiah 15:1; 18:20, etc.; take one's stand and do a thing 1 Samuel 17:8; 1 Kings 8:55; 2 Kings 18:28 = Isaiah 36:13 +; followed by infinitive 1 Kings 8:11 2 Chronicles 5:14 +.

b. stand forth (to speak, etc.) 2 Kings 10:9 +.

c. take a stand against (עַל‎), in opposition to, Judges 6:31; Ezra 10:15 (but stand over, = have charge of, according to Kue^{Ges. Abh. 247 f.}) 2 Chronicles 26:18; compare עַלדַּֿם‎ Leviticus 19:16 (H) against the blood of, i.e. seek one's blood, life; with יָ֑חַד‎ Isaiah 50:8 together, i.e. against each other.

d. present oneself before (לִפְנֵי‎) Genesis 43:15 (J), Exodus 9:10 (E), Numbers 27:2, 21 (P), 1 Samuel 16:21 +; before ׳י‎ (in sanctuary) Deuteronomy 19:17; Jeremiah 7:10; compare 18:20; Leviticus 9:5 (P); so in heaven 1 Kings 22:21 2 Chronicles 18:20; with ב‎ location of child at birth Hosea 13:13, in palace (as retainer, courtier) Daniel 1:4

e. with לִפְנֵי‎ attend upon, be(come) servant of 1 Samuel 16:22 (see Dr), 1 Kings 1:2 +; servant of ׳י‎ 17:1; 18:15; 2 Kings 3:14; 5:16; Jeremiah 15:19; priests י (לְשָֽׁרְתוֺׅ׳לִפְנֵי‎ Deuteronomy 10:8; Judges 20:28; Ezekiel 44:15; 2 Chronicles 29:11; of Levites, stand before congregation for menial duties Ezekiel 44:11; Numbers 16:9 (P).

f. stand afar מֵרָחוֺק‎ Exodus 20:18, 21 (E), Isaiah 59:14; Psalm 38:12, ׳בְּר‎ 10:1; מֵר ׳מִנֶּגֶד‎ 2 Kings 2:7; stand aloof, מִנֶֹּגֶד‎ Obadiah 11; Psalm 38:12.

g. stand (silent) Job 32:16.

h. stand (appealingly) Job 30:20 (but read עָמַדְתָּ‎, of God, Me Hi Du).

i. stand, subject רֶגֶל‎ Zechariah 14:4 (עַל‎ location), Psalm 122:2 (ב‎ location) so 26:12 (figurative).

j. stand, of water, עַלהָֿרִים‎ Psalm 104:6. See also prepositions עִם מִמַּעַל, עַל, אֵצֶל, אֶל,‎, etc.

2. a. stand still, stop, cease moving, of moon Joshua 10:13 (J E; "" וַיִּדֹּם‎), sun 10:13, both, Habakkuk 3:11; of person 1 Samuel 9:27 (opposed to עָבַר‎), 2 Samuel 2:28 (opposed to רָדַף‎), עֲמֹ֫דוּ עִמְדוּ‎ Nahum 2:9 +; stop flowing (of oil) 2 Kings 4:6; remain standing, with תַּחְתֵּינוּ‎ Judges 7:21; 1 Samuel 14:9 etc.; of eruption in skin = remain unchanged Leviticus 13:23, 28; so (without ׳ת‎) 13:5, 37 (all P).

b. = be inactive 2 Chronicles 20:17 (opposed to לְהִלָּחֵם‎, + הִתְיַצְּבוּ‎).

c. = be attentive Job 37:14.

d. stop, cease doing a thing 2 Kings 13:18; with מִן‎ Genesis 29:35; 30:9 (both J), Joel 1:15.

3. a. tarry, delay Genesis 45:9 (E), Joshua 10:19 (J E; opposed to רָדַף‎), 1 Samuel 20:38 (opposed to חוּשָׁה מְהֵרָה,‎), +.

b. remain, with ב‎ location 2 Kings 15:20; Deuteronomy 10:10; with עִמָּדִי‎ 5:28 (opposed to שׁוּב‎); + infinitive purpose Esther 7:7.

c. continue, abide Jeremiah 32:14; Isaiah 66:22; Psalm 102:27 (opposed to אָבַד‎); = dwell Exodus 8:18 (J; עַל‎ location); לָעַד‎ Psalm 19:10; 111:3; 111:10; 112:3; 112:9; לְעוֺלָם‎ 33:11; Ecclesiastes 1:4; בְּתוֺךְ‎ Haggai 2:5; of plan = be established Psalm 33:11 (earlier קוּם‎, as Isaiah 14:24), so Esther 3:4; Daniel 11:17 b; = maintain itself (earlier קוּם‎ Joshua 2:11) Ecclesiastes 2:9; כֹחַ יַעֲמָדבִּֿי לֹא‎ Daniel 10:17.

d. endure Exodus 18:23 (E), Ezekiel 22:14 ("" חָזַק‎).

e. be steadfast Deuteronomy 25:8; Ruth 2:7.

f. persist Ecclesiastes 8:3.

4 make a stand, hold one's ground, Amos 2:15; 2 Kings 10:4; Malachi 3:2 +; with לִפְנֵי‎ Judges 2:14; 2 Kings 10:4 +, בִּפְנֵי‎ Joshua 10:8; 21:44 (Ginsb; van d. H. Baer 21:42), 23:9 (all D); with עַל‎, for one's life Esther 8:11; 9:16.

5 stand upright:

a. remain standing 2 Kings 13:6; of head 6:31 remain upright upon him (עָלָיו‎); of house (figurative of endurance) Job 8:15; Proverbs 12:7.

b. stand up, opposed to sit, Nehemiah 8:5; Job 29:8 (+ קוּם‎); opposed to lie prostrate Ezekiel 2:1 (עַלרַֿגְלֶיךָ‎), so 37:10 (id.), Daniel 10:1, 10:11 (עַלעָֿמְדָ֑ךָ‎), Esther 8:4; of revival after death Daniel 12:13 (late for קוּם‎).

c. stand up, rise, of water Joshua 3:13 (+ appositive אֶחָד נֵד‎), 3:16 (+ קָמוּ‎ + id.; both J E).

d. be erect, upright, of boards Exodus 26:15; 36:20 (P).

6. a. arise, appear, come on the scene (= קוּם‎; late) Ezra 2:63 = Nehemiah 7:65; Psalm 106:30 (compare Ecclus 47:1; Ecclus 47:12), especially Daniel 8:22 (twice in verse); 8:23; 11:2-3, 4; 12:1, compare 11:7 (כַּנּוֺ‎), 11:20; 11:21 (עַלכַּֿנּוֺ‎); with תַּחַת‎ instead of Ecclesiastes 4:15; of war 1 Chronicles 20:4, deliverance Esther 4:14.

b. stand forth, appear = come into being Isaiah 48:13; Psalm 33:9; 119:90.

c. rise up as foe (earlier קום‎ Amos 7:9; Genesis 4:8), with עַל‎ against 1 Chronicles 21:1; 2 Chronicles 20:23; Daniel 8:25; 11:14,

c. לְנֶגְדִּי‎ against Daniel 10:13.

7 rare usages are:

a. ׳ע אֶתֿ‎ stand with, as attendant, servitor Genesis 45:1 (E), Numbers 1:5 (P).

b. take one's stand in covenant, בַּבְּרִית‎ 2 Kings 23:3.

c. stand עַלחֶֿרֶב‎ Ezekiel 33:26 (resort to the sword).

d. stand י ׳בְּסוֺד‎ Jeremiah 23:18, 22 (see סוֺד‎).

e. be appointed Ezra 10:14.

f. stand before (לִפְנֵי‎) beast Leviticus 18:23 (carnal intercourse)

g. grow flat, insipid (Gie), taste of wine Jeremiah 48:11 (figurative of Moab), or remain unchanged (so most, in that case compare 3b). — עָמְדִי‎ Daniel 11:1b is corrupt, read probably עָמַדְתִּי‎, or עָמַד‎ (מִיכָאֵל‎ subject), join then to 10:21 and strike out 11:1a; so Bev Behrm Marti^Kau.

Hiph`il<sub>83</sub> (compare Dr<sup>Intr. (6) 535</sup>) Perfect3masculine singular הֶעֱמִיד‎ 1 Kings 12:32 +, 2 masculine singular הֶעֱמַדְתָּה‎ Psalm 30:8, וְהַעֲמַדְתָּ֫‎ Numbers 3:6 +, etc., Imperfect יַעֲמִיד‎ Proverbs 29:4 +, וַיַּעֲמֵד‎ 2 Kings 8:1 +; 3 feminine singular suffix וַתַּעֲמִדֵנִי‎ Ezekiel 2:2; 3:24, 1plural וַנַּעֲמִיד‎ Nehemiah 4:3, etc.; Imperative הַעֲמֵד‎ Isaiah 21:6; suffix הַעֲמִידֶהָ‎ Ezekiel 24:11; Infinitive absolute הַעֲמֵיד‎ Nehemiah 7:3; construct הַעֲמִיד‎ 1 Kings 15:4 +; Participle מַעֲמִיד‎2 Chronicles 18:34 (but see Hoph`al): —

1 station, set, with accusative Judges 16:25 (בֵּין‎); for duty Numbers 11:24 (E; סְבִיבֹת‎) 1 Kings 12:32 (ב‎ location), 2 Chronicles 19:5 (id.), Nehemiah 13:11(עָמְדָם עַלֿ‎), Isaiah 21:6 + (Nehemiah 4:7 a read perhaps

Qal, so Perles^{Anal. 65}), with עַל‎ against Nehemiah 4:3.

2 cause to stand firm Psalm 18:34 = 2 Samuel 22:34 (with עַל‎ location); maintain (opposed to overthrow) Exodus 9:16 (J), 1 Kings 15:4, compare Proverbs 29:4.

3 cause to stand up, set up, erect, with accusative + עַלרַֿגְלַי‎ Ezekiel 2:2; 3:24, so עַלעָֿמְדִי‎ Daniel 8:18; temple Ezra 2:68 (עַל‎ location), compare 2 Chronicles 24:13; (על‎ location, of repairs); especially doors Nehemiah 3:1 7t. Nehemiah; Asherim 2 Chronicles 33:19, compare 25:14.

4 + לִפְנֵי‎ present one before king Genesis 47:7 (P), ׳י‎ (in sanctuary) Leviticus 14:11 3t. P, + (of goat) 16:7, priest 27:8 4t. P, + (of beast) 27:11.

5 appoint Nehemiah 7:3; 1 Chronicles 15:17 + (late); with עַל‎ over Nehemiah 13:9 +, with infinitive purpose 6:7 +, with 2 accusative 1 Chronicles 15:16; = assign (land) to (ל‎) 2 Chronicles 33:8 ("" 2 Kings 21:8 נָתַן‎); appoint courses of priests 8:14; 2Ki 31:2, compare Nehemiah 13:30; ordain commandments, עַל‎ person 10:33, compare 2 Chronicles 30:5; establish עַדהָֿעוֺלָם‎ 1 Chronicles 17:14 (ב‎ location), compare 2 Chronicles 9:8; Psalm 148:6; with accusative of covenant 105:10 = 1 Chronicles 16:17 (ל‎ person + ל‎ of thing); with חָזוֺן‎ vision Daniel 11:14 (= fulfil, earlier הֵקִים‎).

6 other meanings:

a. ׳ע אֶתמָּֿנָיו‎ 2 Kings 8:11 have a fixed look.

b. with accusative רַגְלַי‎ + ב‎ location Psalm 31:9 (figurative).

c. make to stand (in a covt.; see "" 2 Kings 23:3) 2 Chronicles 34:32.

d. restore waste places Ezra 9:9.

e. + לְפָנֶיהָ‎ Esther 4:5, i.e. make servant to.

f. cause wind to arise Psalm 107:25.

g. = raise an army Daniel 11:11, 13. — 2 Chronicles 18:34 see

Hoph`al; Psalm 30:8 see עֹז‎; Ezekiel 29:7 see מָעַד‎.

Hoph`al Imperfect3masculine singular יָעֳמַדֿ‎ Leviticus 16:10 be presented (of goat), + י ׳לִפְנֵי‎; Participle מָעֳמָד הָיָה‎ 1 Kings 22:35 he was caused to stand, i.e. propped up, in (ב‎) his chariot, so read also "" 2 Chronicles 18:34 (as ᵐ5‎), for מַעֲמִיד ᵑ0‎. — On Perfect הָעֳמַדְתִּי‎ see עֹז‎ Psalm 30:8.