H3478. Yisrael

יִשְׂרָאֵל‎ proper name and derivatives, see below I. שׂרה‎.

יִשְׂרָאֵל‎₂₅₀₇ proper name, masculine and of a people Israel (El persisteth, persevereth (or jussive Let El persist) [usually contendeth (Nes^{Eg.60 ff.}) or Let El contend (Gray^{Prop. N. 218}), but see Dr^{Hast. DB JACOB 530}]; on vocalization see Lag^{BN 131 f.} Kit^{1 Chronicles 4:16} (Hpt); MI⁵, + 5 t. ישראל‎; in Egyptian Y-si-r-'l Steind^{ZAW xvi (1896), 331}, compare Breasted^{Bib. World ix (1897), 62 ff.} Paton^{Syr. and Pal. 134}; Assyrian Sir-'-lai (= יִשְׂרְאֵלִי‎) Schr^{KG 356 ff., 364}; COT Genesis 36:31; 1 Kings 16:29. — On a possibly relation of ׳יִשׂ‎ to proper name שָׂרָה שָׂרַי,‎ see RS^{K 257, 2nd ed. 34}; — compare שְׂרָיָה(וּׅ‎; — Ισραηλ:

1. proper name, masculine second name of Jacob Genesis 32:29 28t. Genesis (JE), Exodus 32:13 (JE), Hosea 12:13; Judges 18:29; Exodus 6:14; Numbers 1:20; 26:5 (all P), 2 Kings 17:34; 1 Chronicles 1:34 8t. Chronicles, Psalm 105:23; יִשׂ ׳בֵּית‎ Ruth 4:11; יִשׂ ׳בְּנֵי‎ (literal) Genesis 42:5 3t. E, 2 t. P + Exodus 1:7 (P; transition to wider use), 1 Kings 18:31; 1 Chronicles 2:1 +; = 12 tribes Exodus 28:9 7t. P; וְיִשׂ יִצְחָק אַבְרָהָם ׳אֱלֹהֵי‎ 1 Kings 18:36; 1 Chronicles 29:18; 2 Chronicles 30:6.

2. proper name, of a people (usually masculine^{Judges 11:17}f. but feminine 1 Samuel 17:21; 2 Samuel 24:9 [not "" 1 Chronicles 21:5], compare Dr^{on the passage} Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 57 f.}): name of Hebrew nation; usually derived from

1, but ׳יִשׂ‎ more common in early usage than יִשׂ ׳בְּנֵי‎ (see בֵּן‎ p. 120:b):

a. (1) undivided kingdom; ׳יִשׂ‎ Genesis 47:27 (J), 49:7 (poem in J) + 108 t. J E, Deuteronomy 1:1; 18:6; 33:10 (poem) + 76 t. D, Genesis 34:7; Exodus 12:15 42t. P; Judges 5:2, 7 (twice in verse) + 104 t. Judges; often 1and 2Samuel; 1 Kings 1-12; ׳כָּליִֿשׂ‎ of whole people 2 Samuel 8:15 +, of whole army 11:1 +, opposed to Judah 2:9 + (so also later). (2) ׳יִשׂ‎ = Northern tribes, distinguished from Judah, even before disruption, 2:9, compare 2:10; 3:10; 4:1; 5:5; 12:7; 20:1; 1 Kings 1:35; 4:20; 5:5 +; so at disruption 12:16 (3 t. in verse); 12:18-19, then usually of Northern kingdom, till its fall, 12:28; 1Ki 24:7; 1Ki 24:10 + very often Kings, Amos 1:1; 2:6; 3:14 +, Hosea 1:5; 4:15 (twice in verse); 5:3 (twice in verse); 5:5 +, Micah 1:13, etc. (3) ׳יִשׂ‎ of Southern kingdom, Judah, rarely before fall of Samaria Isaiah 1:3; 8:18; Micah 1:14-15, so יִשׂ ׳בְּנֵי‎ 1 Kings 12:17; after fall of Samaria, ׳יִשׂ‎ (less often יִשׂ ׳בְּנֵי‎) occurs of entire people, in reference to past or future 2 Kings 21:8; 23:22; Isaiah 17:9; Psalm 103:7; Jeremiah 2:3; 50:17, 19 +; ׳יִשׂ‎ also = Judah 2:14, 31; 4:1 +, Ezekiel 13:2, 4, 16; 14:1, 7, 9 +, Isaiah 40:27; 41:8; 42:24 +, Ezra 2:59 = Nehemiah 7:61; Ezra 2:70; 3:11 +, Nehemiah 10:34; 10:3 +, Psalm 14:7 (twice in verse) = Psalm 53:7 (twice in verse), 147:2; 149:2 +, etc. (4) usage in Chronicles: ׳יִשׂ‎ of whole people 1 Chronicles 2:7 110t., of Northern kingdom 2 Chronicles 11:1 16t., of Judah 12:6; 19:8-9t. (5) ׳יִשׂ‎ personified as י ׳עֶבֶד‎, Isaiah 44:1, 21; 49:3.

b. יִשׂ ׳בְּנֵי‎, (1) of undivided people Exodus 1:12 (J), 3:9 (E) + 72 t. J E, Deuteronomy 3:18; 10:6 25t. D, Genesis 32:33 327t. P; Judges 1:1 60t. Judges; seldom 1and 2Samuel, 1 Kings 1-12; in 1 Kings 13—2Kings 25 passive in reference to older history (rarely otherwise). (2) seldom of Northern kingdom Amos 2:11 9t. Amos, Hosea; 2 Chronicles 13:12 7t. Chronicles. (3) of Judah (late) Ezekiel 2:3; Nehemiah 1:6 (twice in verse); Ezra 3:1; Joel 4:16 +, 2 Chronicles 31:5.

c. ׳יִשׂ בֵּית‎ Exodus 16:31; 40:38 142t. (see בַּיִת‎ 5d (δ); 81 t. Ezekiel, where = Judah; see especially 37:16); יִשׂ בָֽתֵּי ׳שְׁנֵי‎ Isaiah 8:14.

d. other phrases, see sub שֵׁבֶט עַם, עֵדָה, (יעד) מַטֶּה, (נטה) מֶלֶךְ, כִּסֵּא, הַר, גְּבוּל, בְּתוּלָה, בַּת, אֶרֶץ, אִישׁ,‎; also (in epithet of ׳י‎) below אֱלֹחִים אוֺר, אָבִיר,‎, I. מִקְוֶה מֶלֶךְ, גָּוֺאל,‎ (I. קוה‎), I. צוּר‎ (V. צור‎), קָדוֺשׁ‎, I. רָעָה‎ 1d (3).

e. ׳יִשׂ‎ = the laity, opposed to priests, etc. (late): Ezra 10:25; Nehemiah 11:3; 1 Chronicles 9:2; ׳כָּליִֿשׂ‎ Ezra 2:70; 10:5; יִשׂ ׳הָעָם‎ 9:1; יִשׂ ׳בְּנֵי‎ Nehemiah 10:40, compare יִשׂ ׳שְׁאָר‎ Nehemiah 11:20.

יִשְׂרָאֵל‎ proper name, of a people Israel (Biblical Hebrew id., √ I. שָׂרָה‎); — יִשׁ ׳אֱלַהּ‎ Ezra 5:1; 6:14; 7:15; לְיִשׂ ׳מֶלֶךְ‎ 5:11; יִשׂ ׳בְּנֵי‎ 6:16, יִשׂ ׳עַמָּא‎ 7:13.