(24) The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ.--This verse is wanting in the oldest group of MSS., and is found chiefly in Graeco-Latin Codices and in Antiochene authorities of the fourth and fifth centuries, whose leaning is towards the later text.

If the theory stated in the introduction to chapter 15 is correct, the doxology which follows was added by the Apostle to complete the shorter edition of the Epistle, but soon came to be taken as a fitting close to the whole.

Allusion has been made to the resemblance which it presents to the Pastoral Epistles and the Epistle to the Ephesians. This will readily be seen when the parallel expressions are placed side by side.

Romans 16:25-27.--"To Him that is of power."

Ephesians 3:20.--"Unto Him that is able" (precisely the same words in the Greek).

"According to my gospel."

2Timothy 2:8.--"According to my gospel" (the same phrase is, however, found in Romans 2:16).

"The preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery, which was kept secret since the world began, but now is made manifest, and by the scriptures of the prophets, according to the commandment of the everlasting God, made known to all nations for the obedience of faith."

Ephesians 3:3; Ephesians 3:5-6.--"By revelation He made known unto us the mystery. . . . which in other ages was not made known unto the sons of men, as it is now revealed unto His holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit, that the Gentiles should be," &c.

Ephesians 3:9-10.--"The mystery which from the beginning of the world hath been hid. . . . to the intent that now. . . . might be known."

Titus 1:2-3.--"Which God. . . . before the world began" (peculiar and identical phrase); "but hath in due times manifested His word through preaching, which is committed unto me according to the commandment" (same word) "of God our Saviour."

2Timothy 1:9-10.--"Which was given us. . . . before the world began, but is now made manifest," &c.

"To God only wise, be glory, through Jesus Christ for ever" (Greek, "for ever and ever"). "Amen."

1Timothy 1:17.--"Now unto the King eternal" (similar to "everlasting God" above), "the only wise God" (but "wise" is a doubtful reading), "be honour and glory for ever and ever. Amen."

(25) Stablish--i.e., to confirm and strengthen in all the elements of a Christian character.

According to my gospel.--By those means of grace which the gospel that I preach indicates and enjoins you to use.

My gospel.--The gospel preached by me; the gospel preached as I preach it.

And the preaching of Jesus Christ.--And in accordance with that preaching, the subject matter of which is Christ. The establishment of the Roman Christians was to take place through those appointed ways and means that are laid down in the gospel, and form the main topic of Christian preaching. All means of grace centre in Christ, and it is only in accordance with the due proclamation of Him that the Christian can hope to become confirmed and strengthened.

According to the revelation.--An involved and difficult sentence. The two clauses which began with "according to" are co-ordinate together, and are both dependent upon the word "stablish" above. "May God establish and confirm you in all those ways that the gospel of Christ lays down; that gospel the introduction of which it has been reserved for these latter days to see; a secret long hidden, but now revealed, and corroborated as it is by the prophetic writings, and preached by the Apostles at God's express command; the great instrument of bringing over the Gentiles to the faith."

Of the mystery.--The word "mystery" is used elsewhere in the New Testament precisely in the sense which is so clearly defined in this passage of something which up to the time of the Apostles had remained secret, but had then been made known by divine intervention. The "mystery" thus revealed is the same as that described in the two preceding clauses--in one word, Christianity. All through the Old Testament dispensation, the Christian scheme, which was then future, had remained hidden; now, with Christ's coming, the veil has been taken away.

Since the world began.--The English phrase here is paraphrastic. Literally, the Greek is in eternal times--i.e., from this present moment, stretching backwards throughout eternity--an emphatic way of saying, "never before." "The Old Testament is the hand of a clock, proceeding silently round the dial--the New Testament is the striking of the hour" (Bengel).

16:21-24 The apostle adds affectionate remembrances from persons with him, known to the Roman Christians. It is a great comfort to see the holiness and usefulness of our kindred. Not many mighty, not many noble are called, but some are. It is lawful for believers to bear civil offices; and it were to be wished that all offices in Christian states, and in the church, were bestowed upon prudent and steady Christians.The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen. This verse is placed by the Syriac at the end of the chapter, and is wanting in the Ethiopic version, and in one ancient copy, being, excepting the word all, the same as at the end of Romans 16:20; but inasmuch as it is in all other copies, it ought to be repeated and stand here: the reason of the repetition may either be, because the former might be written by his amanuensis, and this with his own hand, as was usual with him in all his epistles, by which they might be known to be his, 2 Thessalonians 3:17; or the apostle having so great an affection for this church, knew not how to take his leave of them, but repeats his valediction again and again, as here, and in Romans 16:20. Romans 16:25 are placed in some copies, at the end of Romans 16:14, and omitted here, as they are by the Arabic version, which begins thus, "to the only most wise God, Jesus Christ": and so considers the following doxology as be, longing to Christ, and to him as God, and as the only most wise God.